Addresses two primary questions—what causes psychopathology and which treatments are most effective in preventing or reducing psychological suffering. Uses four paradigms or points of view to study abnormal biological, psychoanalytic, learning and cognitive. Also uses the humanistic and existential paradigm when therapy is at issue. New to this an account of DSM-IV, the impact of cultural diversity on the categorization, etiology and therapeutics of diverse disorders such as posttraumatic stress, eating and borderline personality.