This book is the product of four years of intensive research and often frustrating work. In the preparation for such a book many people were involved in varying degrees. To our many colleagues and friends who offered constant encouragement and useful suggestions, we wish to express our deep gratitude. From the inception of the idea for this textbook, we have been fortunate in enjoying the unwavering trust and limitless cooperation of Prentice-Hall. So history is really about the present. History is a continuous process. History is being made by people even now, as these lines are being read. Are Canadians really aware of the ingredients that are making their history. Challenge & Survival: The History of Canada